Structure and Written Expression (skill 5)

Penggunaan dan posisi Past Participle mirip dengan present participle, bedanya Past Participle berbentuk passive voice (di ...).

Past participle yaitu Verb III: purchased, written, taught,dll. Bentuk present participle dapat menjadi pengecoh dalam soal tes Structure TOEFL. Past participle bisa saja menjadi adjective (kata sifat) yang umumnya menjelaskan subjek layaknya appositive atau menjadi bagian dari kata kerja (verb) ketika di dahului oleh be (am, is, are, was, were) dan have (have, has, had).

The family has purchased a television.
The poem was written by Paul.

Pada kalimat pertama bentuk past participle 'purchased' merupakan bagian dari kata kerja karena di dahului oleh have (has). Sementara no. 2 past participle 'written' juga merupakan bagian dari kata kerja karena di dahului oleh be (was).

The television purchased yesterday was expensive.
The poem written by Paul appeared in the magazine.

Kedua bentuk past participle di atas (purchased dan written) tidak diikuti oleh be atau pun have maka keduanya merupakan bentuk adjective yang menjelaskan masing-masing subjek dari kalimat (television dan poem).

Contoh kalimat di bawah ini menggambarkan bagaimana past participle dapat menjadi pengecoh dalam test Structure TOEFL.

Contoh soal TOEFL terkiat Past Participle

The packages _____ mailed at the post office will arrive Monday.
a) have
b) were
c) them
d) just

Jika di lihat sekilas atau hanya awal kalimatnya saja bisa-bisa kita terkecoh dengan menganggap mailed  itu sebagai verb dari kalimat padahal kalau kita lihat kalimatnya selengkapnya maka kita lihat ada verb di sana yaitu will arrive. Jadi dapat kita ketahui bahwa mailed itu bukanlah bagian dari verb melainkan sebagai adjective. Olehnya jawaban a) have dan d) were tidak dibutuhkan oleh mailed -yang berfungsi sebagai adjective. Jawaban c) them (objek tidaklah dibutuhkan) . Jadi jawaban paling tepat yaitu d) just (adverb).

EXERCISE 5: Each of the following sentences contains one or more past participles. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the past participles and label them as adjectives or verbs. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

_________ 1. The money was offered by the client was not accepted. 
_________ 2. The car listed in the advertisement had already stalled.   
________ 3. The chapters were taught by the professor this morning will be on next week’s exam.  
________ 4. The loaves of bread were baked in a brick oven at a low temperature for many hours.  
________ 5. The ports were reached by the sailors were under the control of a foreign nation.          
________ 6. Those suspected in the string of robberies were arrested by police.         
________7.The pizza is served in this restaurant is the tastiest in the country.          
________ 8. The courses are listed on the second page of the brochure have several prerequisites.    
________ 9. All the tenants were invited to the Independence Day barbecue at the apartment             complex.      
________ 10. Any bills paid by the first of the month will be credited to your account by the next day.

Pada kalimat 2, 4, 6, 9, dan 10 merupakan bentuk kalimat yang benar (sudah terdapat subjek dan verb) beserta penggunaan  past participle telah benar.

Pada kalimat 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 merupkan bentuk kalimat salah karena mempunyai double verb Seharusnya

____I____ 1. The money was offered by the client was not accepted. 
____C____ 2. The car listed in the advertisement had already stalled.   
____I____ 3. The chapters were taught by the professor this morning will be on next week’s exam.  
____C____ 4. The loaves of bread were baked in a brick oven at a low temperature for many hours.  
____I____ 5. The ports were reached by the sailors were under the control of a foreign nation.          
____C____ 6. Those suspected in the string of robberies were arrested by police.         
____I____ 7. The pizza is served in this restaurant is the tastiest in the country.          
____I____ 8. The courses are listed on the second page of the brochure have several prerequisites.
____C____ 9. All the tenants were invited to the Independence Day barbecue at the apartment complex.      
____C____ 10. Any bills paid by the first of the month will be credited to your account by the next day.

Sumber:

http://pusattoefl.blogspot.com/2013/09/tips-trik-menjawab-soal-toefl-structure_5.html?m=1